{"id":287478,"date":"2024-11-11T11:44:31","date_gmt":"2024-11-11T11:44:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ziptuning.com\/ar\/?p=287478"},"modified":"2024-11-18T14:24:49","modified_gmt":"2024-11-18T14:24:49","slug":"p0491-secondary-air-injection-system-insufficient-flow","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ziptuning.com\/ar\/blog\/p0491-secondary-air-injection-system-insufficient-flow\/","title":{"rendered":"P0491 &#8211; \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 id=\"what-is-the-p0491-code-\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f P0491\u061f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u062e\u0637\u0623 OBD-II <strong>P0491<\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 1 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1).<\/p>\n<div class=\"workshop-experience-text\">\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0634\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f P0491 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a \u0625\u0645 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u062c\u0646. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0643\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 2005 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"urgency-and-severity\">\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f P0491\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0630\u0631. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0634\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"code-applicability\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f P0491 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 V. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"system-and-parts-involved\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u062e \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 (PCM).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"common-causes\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f P0491:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n<li>PCM \u0645\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0629 (\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"diagnosis-steps\">\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f P0491 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u062d OBD-II \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a. \u0627\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 PCM \u0645\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 id=\"repair-solutions\">\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d<\/h2>\n<p>\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f P0491:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a (250-600 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \/ 225-550 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 (20-50 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \/ 18-45 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0629 (40-130 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \/ 35-120 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648)<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 (50-200 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \/ 45-180 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648)<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 PCM (500-1400 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \/ 450-1300 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 80-140 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a (70-130 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648) \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646 2-4 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 400-1200 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a (350-1100 \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"prevention\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f P0491:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"associated-codes\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f P0491:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P0492 (\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 2)<\/li>\n<li>P0411 (\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a)<\/li>\n<li>P0410 (\u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a)<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 P0300-P0308<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f P0491\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 P0491 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"frequently-asked-questions-about-p0491\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f P0491<\/h2>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f P0491\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>P0491 \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 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\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f P0491\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f P0491\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f P0491 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f P0491\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0639 P0491:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>P0492 (\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 2)<\/li>\n<li>P0411 (\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d)<\/li>\n<li>P0410 (\u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645)<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ziptuning.com\/ar\/blog\/p0300-random-multiple-cylinder-misfire-detected\/\" title=\"P0300\">P0300<\/a>&#8211;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ziptuning.com\/ar\/blog\/p0308-cylinder-8-misfire\/\" title=\"P0308\">P0308<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f P0491\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 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\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f P0491\u061f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 (OEM) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a 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